Anyone arriving in Portugal quickly discovers there’s one number that opens almost every door: the NIF, the tax identification number. Without it you can’t open a bank account, rent a home, sign an employment contract or buy a phone on a plan. It is, in practice, your entry ticket into the country’s bureaucratic life.

How to get one

The NIF is issued by the Tax Authority and can be requested in person at a tax office (Finanças) or a Loja do Cidadão. For residents from outside the European Union, you usually need to appoint a tax representative with an address in Portugal, though the rules vary by situation. Many newcomers use lawyers or specialised services to handle the request, but it’s perfectly possible to do it yourself.

What to bring

As a rule, you’ll need an identification document (passport) and proof of address. It’s worth confirming the up-to-date list before you go, so you don’t make the trip twice — the paperwork changes from time to time.

The advice is to sort out your NIF in the very first days. Almost everything else, from the bank to a home, depends on it.

See also: how the AIMA residence renewal process stands. Official information on the Finanças portal.

ETIAS is a new €20 electronic travel authorisation that visa-exempt travellers will need to enter the Schengen area — and it starts in late 2026, becoming mandatory from October 2027. It is not a visa and does not grant the right to live in Europe: it is a pre-travel step, much like the United States’ ESTA.

What is ETIAS and when does it start?

It is a digital pre-screening system for people travelling from countries that do not need a visa to enter Europe. You fill it in online before your trip, it is linked to your passport, and it lets authorities screen arrivals for security reasons. The launch is planned for late 2026, with a transition period before it becomes fully mandatory in October 2027.

How much does ETIAS cost and who needs it?

It costs €20 per application, for people aged 18 to 69. Minors, older travellers and some family members of EU citizens are exempt from the fee. Note: ETIAS is for those travelling on a visa-exempt passport — anyone who already holds a residence permit in a European country does not need it to come home.

And the EES — what changes at the border?

Alongside ETIAS, the EES (Entry/Exit System) has come into force, fully operational since 10 April 2026. The EES automatically records every entry and exit by non-EU nationals across the 29 participating European countries, replacing the old passport stamp. In practice, Europe’s borders have gone digital — worth keeping in mind for anyone who travels in and out of the EU often.

See also: AIMA’s deadlines for a first residence permit. Official information at the European Union’s ETIAS portal.

Anyone arriving in Portugal with a foreign driving licence has a near-universal question: can I drive right away, or do I have to swap the document first? The answer depends on the issuing country — and, since this year, the process has moved counters.

What changes for swapping a foreign licence in 2026?

Since 21 January 2026, all requests to exchange a foreign driving licence are made exclusively online, on the IMT portal. In-person service for this purpose is gone, which avoids queues but means having your paperwork scanned and in order before you submit.

To swap or not to swap?

Not everyone has to swap immediately. Licences from CPLP and OECD countries — Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, the UK or Switzerland, among others — allow you to drive in Portugal without a mandatory exchange, provided the issuing country has signed one of the road conventions (Geneva 1949 or Vienna 1968) or has a bilateral agreement with Portugal. CPLP members with a bilateral agreement include Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe.

There is, though, a limit that catches many people off guard: the licence cannot be more than 15 years old since issue or last renewal, and cannot be seized, suspended, expired or revoked. Past that point, or once you establish residence, the exchange becomes necessary to keep driving on solid legal ground.

Best to handle this early, alongside the other steps of the move — see our guide on which visa to choose to move to Portugal. The rules and the online request are on the IMT site.

Anyone who has dealt with AIMA knows the word that has best described the experience for a long time: patience. But there are signs things are moving — slowly, but moving.

Are AIMA’s waits actually shrinking?

According to the most recent picture, the gap between submitting an application and doing the biometrics is now running at around twelve months, and people who filed by the end of 2025 are being scheduled for the final quarter of this year. It is not fast, but it beats the delays that marked the previous months.

The weakest link is still the issuing of the card itself. Booking the biometrics is one thing; having the physical residence permit in hand is another, and that stage has not kept pace with the appointments. In other words: if you are in the process, expect the final step to take longer than you would like.

Services closer to home

The headline bet is bringing services closer to people. The plan is to build a network of local AIMA offices, so that legalisation and social support no longer require long trips to the big counters. Digital tools are also being reinforced to spread the workload across more staff. On paper, it is exactly what was missing; in practice, we will believe it as the offices open.

For more on the day-to-day of these processes, see what we wrote about the stricter proof of address and about facial-recognition scheduling. Official information is on the AIMA site.

If you are dealing with residence or nationality, this is the page to bookmark. Instead of one article per announcement, we gather the essentials of AIMA here: case backlog, renewal deadlines, biometrics, golden visa and service changes. For the citizenship rules, see the new nationality law. Official information is at AIMA.

Updates

4 July 2026

AIMA’s portal now accepts renewals for permits expiring in July and August, within the monthly-window system created to prevent queues.

1 July 2026

AIMA says it has cleared more than half a million cases, but golden visa cards still take months to arrive.

29 June 2026

Proof of address became stricter for renewals; the government promised to resolve golden visa delays within 2026.

Much has been said about the jump to seven or ten years of residence before applying for the passport. But there is a change in the new Nationality Law that catches families off guard and reaches all the way to the crib: a baby born in Portugal to foreign parents is no longer almost automatically Portuguese.

The five years that change everything

Until now, for a child born here to access nationality it was broadly enough that one parent had lived in Portugal for one year, largely regardless of legal status. Under Organic Law No. 1/2026, in force since 19 May, at the time of birth at least one parent must now have five years of legal residence in the country. An express declaration is also required, and regular attendance of compulsory schooling may be demanded.

There is a technical detail that makes all the difference: residence time is counted from the date the permit was issued, not the date of application. For anyone who waited months for a card, those months do not count.

Same ceiling, different speeds

And by the parents’ nationality? The five-year threshold for children born here is the same for everyone. What changes is how quickly each family gets there. A couple from a Portuguese-speaking CPLP country or from the European Union sits in the seven-year regime for their own naturalisation; a couple from outside the EU, in the ten-year one. EU citizens, remember, document their residence differently, through EU registration, but the five-years-of-legal-residence test for the child applies all the same.

CPLP: no more turning tourism into residence

The other change that catches many people is specific to Portuguese-speaking countries. Applying for residence becomes possible only for those who entered on a residence visa. The old route of arriving as a tourist and regularising later is closed — the process now has to start earlier and from the country of origin, with the right visa in hand.

There is a safety net: applications filed before 19 May 2026 are assessed under the old rules. As always, confirm your specific situation before deciding. We have already explained the new seven and ten-year periods and the family reunification rules. The official text is in Organic Law 1/2026 and service information is at AIMA.

Good news for anyone counting the days: AIMA has opened its renewals portal for residence permits that expire in July and August 2026. If that’s you, you can already start the update request at portal-renovacoes.aima.gov.pt, without waiting for an in-person appointment.

What to prepare first

Renewal has become stricter on paperwork. On top of the tenancy contract, you now need to provide the property’s permanent land registry certificate and proof of the last rent receipt reported to the tax office. In practice, this shuts the door on informal renting: if your landlord doesn’t declare the rent or issue a receipt, that property no longer works for your case. It’s worth confirming everything ahead of time so you don’t get stuck midway.

The warning that can wreck a trip

Here’s a detail many people learn too late: AIMA is still running delays on issuing physical residence cards and, instead, hands out a paper confirmation. That paper is not accepted for travelling freely within the Schengen area. Anyone leaving Portugal with only the receipt risks being stopped at the border on the way back. If you have a trip booked, check what’s in your bag before buying tickets.

Add it all up and the advice is the usual: start early, gather the right documents, and keep your submission receipts.

See also: why proof of address got stricter. File your request and check deadlines on AIMA’s official portal.

One of the best pieces of news for anyone moving to Portugal is this: living in the country entitles you to use the National Health Service, the SNS. You don’t need to be a national citizen — you just have to reside here and follow a few steps to get registered and be able to use your health centre, the emergency room and, with luck and patience, a family doctor.

How to register

The first step happens at the health centre for your area of residence. As a rule, you need an identification document, proof of address and a health service user number (or to request one on the spot). Those with a residence permit handle the process more easily, but even people still regularising their status are entitled to essential healthcare, especially in emergencies, and for pregnant women and children.

What to know in advance

The reality is that being assigned a family doctor can take time, especially in the big cities where demand is high. While you wait, the health centre remains the gateway for appointments, vaccines and referrals. It’s worth keeping your user number somewhere safe — you’ll need it for almost every visit to the system.

A public system doesn’t replace common sense: in serious emergencies, the number to call is 112.

See also: the tax number every immigrant needs first. Official information on the SNS portal.

Good news for anyone who has spent months (or years) waiting on a reply from AIMA: the agency says it is finally beating the mountain of backlogged cases that became the symbol of Portugal’s migration chaos.

The numbers behind the clear-out

According to a government status update, more than 525,000 immigration files have already received a decision, thanks to the work of AIMA and a task force created specifically to tackle the backlog. Around 763,000 appointments across various categories have also been completed, with close to 473,000 cases ending in a positive outcome.

These are big numbers, and they show that the machine, however creaky, is moving. For many people, it means the difference between living in limbo and finally having their papers in order.

Not everything went smoothly

The road was not straight. In early June, a five-day strike at AIMA again delayed appointments and pushed scheduling back, a reminder that the system remains fragile and dependent on resources that do not always arrive.

On top of that, the rules changed: the timelines to obtain nationality were lengthened, and residence time only starts counting from the moment the permit is issued — a detail that changes a lot for anyone planning to stay. We explained the timelines in detail in our piece on the Golden Visa and biometrics. Official information is always at aima.gov.pt.

Anyone who invested in a Portuguese Golden Visa and has spent the last few years watching the clock finally has some cheering news. In 2026, the pace of the process is improving — even if not everything is sorted.

The sorest point has always been the wait. According to those who follow these cases closely, the gap between submission and biometrics now runs at around 12 months, and applicants who filed by the end of 2025 are being scheduled for the last quarter of 2026. It’s not instant, but it’s far better than the limbo many were left in.

What actually changed

One of the most welcome updates is online renewal. Since February, Golden Visa holders and their reunited family members handle renewals through a dedicated portal, which has become the sole channel for the purpose. Goodbye queues and in-person appointments for this stage, at least.

Not everything moves at the same speed, though. Physically issuing the cards remains the slowest link in the chain and still hasn’t kept pace with the volume of interviews being booked. In other words: you can have your approval moving along and the card still slow to land in your mailbox.

For those weighing it up

For investors still assessing the programme, the message is one of cautious optimism. The machine is running better, but expect patience and good legal support. A well-prepared application from the outset remains the best way to avoid surprises.

See also: the new nationality-law timelines. Official information on the AIMA site.

Moving country is hard enough; being left without health cover in the middle of the move is the kind of surprise nobody wants. The good part is that, in Portugal, the system is more accessible than many newcomers imagine, as long as you handle things in the right order.

Insurance first, SNS second

To apply for most residence visas, such as the D7 or the D8, you have to show valid health insurance, usually with a minimum coverage in the tens of thousands of euros. That insurance is what protects you in the early phase. Important: registering with the SNS, the public service, does not replace that visa requirement, they are different things.

The patient number is the key

Once you have a residence permit, you can register at your local health centre and get a patient number (número de utente). That is what gives you access to the SNS, with appointments and care at token prices or free. Many residents still keep private insurance to avoid waiting lists for non-urgent appointments, but the public base exists and works.

In short: insurance to get in, a patient number to be properly covered. Sort both and sleep easy.

See also: the D8 and D7 visa guide and what changed on nationality.

Official information on registering and the patient number at the National Health Service.

Anyone wanting to move to Portugal hits the first question straight away: which visa to apply for? Two always come up in the conversation, the D7 and the D8, and mixing them up can delay the whole process. The good news is the difference is simple to explain.

D8: the digital nomad visa

The D8 is now the gateway for people who work remotely. Designed for remote workers and freelancers with clients or an employer outside Portugal, it requires proof of monthly income above a threshold set by law and valid health insurance. If you live off your laptop and the pay comes from abroad, this is almost certainly your route.

D7: passive income and retirees

The D7 was created for people with passive income, such as pensions, rents or dividends, and asks for a regular source coming from abroad, in the order of nine hundred-something euros a month. It is the classic visa for many retirees. Note: it is no longer recommended for those with active work income, precisely the crowd now steered to the D8.

The part everyone forgets

Whichever visa you choose, you will need a NIF, a bank account and health insurance with the required minimum coverage. And remember that nationality rules changed this year, with longer waiting periods, so plan for the long term.

See also: what changed in the nationality law and the AIMA strike and the delays.

Official information on visas and residency at gov.pt.

The talk about the new nationality law has stuck to one number: the period rose from 5 to 10 years for most applicants (7 for EU and CPLP nationals). But there is more fine print than that, and it is worth knowing before you do the maths on your life.

The new requirements

Waiting out the clock is not enough. The revised law, promulgated in May, also asks for a clean criminal record, Portuguese at A2 level, a test of the country’s civic and historical knowledge, a formal declaration of commitment to the principles of the democratic rule of law, and proof of genuine ties to the national community.

In plain terms: the state wants to see that whoever asks for the passport speaks enough to get by, knows the basics of how the country works and has a life built here. A2 is no professor’s exam — it is the level of someone who manages day to day — but it is best not to leave it to the last minute.

What to do now

If you are counting the years, start working on your Portuguese and keep everything that proves your link to Portugal: address, work, your children’s school, contracts. And follow the deadlines at AIMA, where the paperwork is filed.

See also: the AIMA strike and what to do if it hit you and the rise from 5 to 10 years.

Anyone dealing with Portugal’s immigration bureaucracy knows that patience is half the battle. This month, that patience was tested: a strike at AIMA, the agency in charge of migration, disrupted appointments, services and deadlines in several parts of the country.

In practice, many people saw appointments cancelled or postponed, slower response times and queues that dragged on. For those with a case in progress, the frustration is real, especially after months waiting for a slot.

A quick guide to keep your cool

First, keep everything. If your appointment was cancelled because of the strike, hold on to proof: emails, messages, screenshots. That helps justify delays that were not your fault.

Second, do not let documents expire without understanding your situation. During periods of disruption, there are usually mechanisms that protect those left waiting for reasons beyond their control. Confirm your case through official channels before assuming you have lost rights.

Third, avoid middlemen who promise to jump the queue for money. It is fertile ground for scams, especially when the system is congested and people are anxious.

The good news, amid the hassle, is that the agency says it is still clearing the enormous backlog of cases. The bad news is that every walkout slows that recovery. All you can do is keep watching and keep the paperwork in order.

See also: AIMA’s backlog and the decisions already made and the new immigration rules. Updates at AIMA.

One of the changes felt most keenly by the foreign community in Portugal is in the nationality law. With the revision approved in 2026, the general residency period required to apply for Portuguese citizenship rises from 5 to 10 years for most applicants.

There is, however, an important distinction. For citizens of the European Union and of the Portuguese-speaking countries, the CPLP, the period sits at 7 years. The door does not close, but it now opens later for many people who had planned around the old rules.

What this means in practice

For those who have lived in Portugal for years and expected to apply soon, the change forces a rethink. The waiting time stretches, and that has concrete effects: from the right to vote to the freedom to move and work on a Portuguese passport.

The debate is heated. Supporters argue that citizenship should not be granted in a hurry and that longer periods strengthen the bond with the country. Critics say it penalises people who work, pay taxes and have been part of the social fabric for a long time.

A note for those who came through the investment route: golden visa holders can still reach permanent residence after five years. Permanent residence and nationality are not the same thing, and it is worth not confusing the two — the longer period is for the passport, not for the right to keep living here.

There are still many doubts about transitional rules and how years already completed will be counted. Anyone in the middle of a process should confirm their specific situation with the authorities and, if needed, specialised legal support, rather than assuming the worst or the best.

See also: Portugal tightens its immigration law and AIMA’s backlog. Official information at AIMA.