Portugal is getting a dedicated legal framework for people no country recognises as its citizens. The new stateless status was approved in a final global vote in Parliament in early July, with a majority that is rare these days: the entire left, the PSD and Iniciativa Liberal voted in favour, the CDS abstained and only Chega voted against.

What does it mean to be stateless?

It means no state considers you a national — no passport, no nationality, and often no simple way to do things as basic as registering a child, opening a bank account or signing a contract. The concept is defined in the United Nations’ 1954 convention, which Portugal has signed, but Portuguese law lacked a dedicated statute organising how stateless people are recognised and what rights they hold. That is the gap the new law fills, with its own procedure for recognising statelessness and a corresponding framework of rights.

How did the parties vote?

The final text came out of the Constitutional Affairs Committee and folded in contributions from the PS, Livre and Bloco de Esquerda — which is what earned it such broad backing, from the PCP across to the PSD and IL. The initiative’s details and legislative path can be followed on Parliament’s official portal; promulgation and publication in the official gazette are the remaining steps before it takes effect.

The contrast with the rest of the political year is striking: while Portugal’s nationality rules were tightened in bitterly split votes, the stateless status united nearly the whole chamber. Portuguese migration politics isn’t always trench warfare.

Portugal’s D7 visa requires, in 2026, proven passive income of at least 920 euros per month — the equivalent of the Portuguese national minimum wage. This is the country’s door for retirees and for anyone living off rents, dividends, interest or royalties: you prove the income, apply at the consulate in your country of residence and, once in Portugal, convert it all into a residence permit. It sounds simple, and the logic really is that simple — but the details decide whether the process takes months or drags on.

How much income do I need for the D7 visa?

The benchmark is the Portuguese minimum wage: 920 euros a month in 2026 for the main applicant. Bringing family adds 50% per adult (460 euros) and 30% per minor child (276 euros). A couple with one child therefore needs to show around 1,656 euros a month in regular passive income.

On top of the recurring income, it is strongly recommended (and in practice required by most consulates) to show a financial cushion in a Portuguese bank account — the usual yardstick is one year of minimum wage, roughly 11,040 euros for the main applicant. Passive income includes retirement or disability pensions, rental income from property (in Portugal or abroad), dividends, interest from deposits and bonds, and intellectual-property royalties. A salary from a remote job is not passive income — that’s what the digital-nomad visa is for.

How do I apply for the D7 visa step by step?

The path has a logical order and starts while you’re still outside Portugal:

1. Get a Portuguese NIF (tax number) — this can be done remotely through a fiscal representative.
2. Open a Portuguese bank account and transfer the financial cushion.
3. Line up proof of accommodation: a deed, a 12-month rental contract or, at some consulates, a host’s declaration of responsibility.
4. Gather proof of the passive income (pension statements, rental contracts, dividend statements), a criminal-record certificate and travel/health insurance.
5. Submit the application at the Portuguese consulate or visa centre (VFS) in your country of residence — the official requirements and forms are on the MNE visa portal.
6. Receive the visa, valid for four months and two entries, and travel to Portugal.
7. Attend your AIMA appointment for biometrics and receive the residence permit, valid for two years and renewable for three more.

If your plan involves running a business instead of living off a portfolio, compare it with the entrepreneur route first — we covered it in detail in our D2 visa guide for entrepreneurs.

D7 or D2: which visa should I choose?

It depends on where the money comes from. The D7 suits people whose income lands in the account without working; the D2 suits those who want to earn their living in Portugal through their own business. A retiree with a stable pension has no dilemma: D7. Someone living off a portfolio but planning to freelance later can start with the D7 and work afterwards — the D7 residence permit does not forbid professional activity, and registering as self-employed is straightforward once you’re a resident.

After five years of legal residence, the door opens to permanent residency. A word of caution on citizenship: the rules changed in 2026, with longer timelines and stronger proof of ties to the country, so don’t do the maths from old articles.

Frequently asked questions

Can I work in Portugal on a D7 visa?

Yes. What the D7 requires is that the basis of the application is passive income; once you hold the residence permit, you can work in Portugal, employed or self-employed.

How long does the process take?

The legal deadline for the visa decision is 60 days, but in practice the full journey — NIF to residence card — usually takes four to eight months, depending on the consulate and AIMA’s schedule.

Does the D7 give access to the SNS health service?

Once you have the residence permit and register at your local health centre, yes — access to the national health service works under the same conditions as for other residents.

If you have just arrived in Portugal with school-age children, here is the short answer: enrolment for the 2026/27 school year is done online through the Portal das Matrículas, several July deadlines are still open, and every child has the right to attend Portuguese public school — regardless of the family’s documentation status.

What are the enrolment deadlines for 2026/27?

The calendar, set by government dispatch 4472-A/2026, staggers applications by school year. The main windows for pre-school and Year 1 ran from 22 April to 1 June; Years 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11 had 16 to 29 June; Years 2 to 5 had until 13 July. For students entering Year 10 or Year 12, the window is this very week: 15 to 22 July. Outside those windows — the typical case for families who have just landed — enrolment can be requested at any time, and for remaining cases the calendar runs to the last working day of July.

How does the Portal das Matrículas work?

Applications are made at portaldasmatriculas.edu.gov.pt, with authentication via Citizen Card, Digital Mobile Key or Finanças credentials. This is where many newcomer families hit a wall: without those login methods, the route is to go directly to the secretariat of the school cluster (agrupamento) covering your address, which processes the enrolment in person. Bring the child’s and guardian’s identification, proof of address, vaccination records and, if available, school records from your home country.

What if the family’s status is not yet regularised?

A school cannot turn a child away because of the parents’ documents. Access to education is a universal right in Portugal, and enrolment goes ahead even while immigration processes are pending. Equivalence of foreign studies is handled at the school itself — and if the parents also have their own paperwork to sort, our guides to foreign degree recognition and getting a NISS help assemble the rest of the puzzle.

Frequently asked questions

How much does public school enrolment cost?

Nothing — it is free.

My child doesn’t speak Portuguese — can they attend?

Yes. Schools provide Portuguese as a Non-Native Language support for foreign students, at adapted levels.

Can I choose the school?

You can list up to five preferences in the application; placement depends on your address and each cluster’s available places.

The short answer: the D2 is Portugal’s residence visa for people who want to live here on the back of their own business — starting a company, moving an existing one over, or working as an independent professional — and you apply at the Portuguese consulate (or VFS centre) in the country where you live, armed with a credible business plan and proof you can support yourself. There is no fixed minimum investment in the law; there is a project that has to convince.

What is the D2 visa and who can apply?

It’s the national visa for entrepreneurial activity or independent work. It covers people incorporating a company in Portugal, people who already have, buyers and relocators of existing businesses, and freelancers with service contracts. The heart of the application is the business plan: what you’ll do, with what money, how viable it is and — increasingly decisive — what economic or social relevance it brings. A well-argued neighbourhood café can beat a PowerPoint startup.

How much money do you need for the D2 visa?

Two separate sums. First, your personal means of subsistence: the reference is 12 months of Portugal’s minimum wage, roughly €11,040 in 2026 (€920 a month), with add-ons per family member — the detailed subsistence maths is here. Second, the business’s own capital: whatever your plan requires, deposited or demonstrable. Then the usual paperwork: criminal record certificate, health insurance, proof of accommodation in Portugal, a NIF and, in most cases, a Portuguese bank account.

How and where do you apply for the D2?

You apply from outside Portugal, at the consulate or visa centre (VFS Global) in your country of residence — many posts require an in-person appointment, and slots can book out months ahead. Once submitted, processing typically takes 45 to 90 days depending on the post. The official requirements and document list are on the MNE visa portal. Visa in hand, you enter Portugal and complete your residence permit with AIMA, including biometrics and a confirmed address.

How long does the residence permit last?

The first permit is valid for two years and renews in three-year periods. From there the clock runs on everything else: after five years of legal residence you can apply for permanent residence — and the citizenship count follows the new nationality law’s own rules.

Frequently asked questions

Does the D2 require a minimum investment?

No. Unlike the golden visa, the law sets no figure; the plan’s viability is the test. In practice, projects with demonstrated capital and real contracts fare far better.

Can I apply while already in Portugal?

The rule is to apply from your country of residence. Exceptions exist for people legally staying here, but the safe route — and what consulates expect — is to sort everything before you travel.

What’s the difference between the D2 and D8 visas?

If your income comes mostly from clients outside Portugal and you work remotely, the D8 (digital nomad) visa usually fits better; the D2 is for building activity here. And if you’re torn between the two, the job-seeker visa isn’t the fallback — that one is for salaried employment.

Portugal has 11,424,031 inhabitants and is now the ninth most populous country in the European Union, climbing one place in a year. The figure comes from the resident-population estimates for 31 December 2025, published by the INE statistics office with a deep revision of the series back to 2021 — one that finally counts in full the roughly 1.6 million foreigners living in the country.

How many people live in Portugal in 2026?

More than anyone thought. The new estimates point to 11,424,031 residents at the close of 2025, and the 2024 figure itself was revised upwards from 10,749,635 to 11,387,222 — nearly 640,000 people who were already here but missing from the count. The full tables are on the INE website.

What explains Portugal’s population growth?

Immigration — almost the entire answer. Between 2021 and 2025 the resident population grew by 824,914 people, with especially strong migration flows in 2022, 2023 and 2024, years when the population rose by 330,000, 275,000 and 183,000 respectively. Without that movement, ageing and a negative natural balance would be shrinking the country; with it, Portugal has climbed the European table and refreshed its workforce.

The numbers give context to a debate that is far from merely statistical: from public services to housing, and on to the new nationality-law rules, the country is deciding how to make room for those arriving. The 11.4 million already live here — policy is still catching up to meet them.

The NISS — Portugal’s social security identification number — is requested online through a form on the Segurança Social portal, and it is free. It is the number that identifies you to the Portuguese social protection system: without it there are no contributions, no declared work contract, no benefits and, eventually, no pension. For anyone arriving in Portugal to work, it is one of the first numbers of your bureaucratic life — right after the NIF.

Who needs a NISS?

Everyone who works or pays contributions in Portugal: employees, the self-employed (recibos verdes), employers and benefit recipients. Portuguese citizens get a NISS automatically with their Citizen Card; foreign citizens have to request the number — and since the process moved online, the dawn queue outside a branch office is no longer part of the deal.

What documents do you need to request a NISS?

For foreign citizens, the request requires three blocks of documents, all scanned:

Valid identification — passport, residence permit or authorisation (temporary or permanent) or work visa, valid at the time of the online request.

Proof of your work situation — for example a contract or promise of contract, if you are applying in order to take up employment.

Proof of residence or of a pending regularisation request — this can be the receipt of your residence-permit application or, for CPLP citizens, proof of the visa application or of the CPLP residence certificate request. If you have a process running with AIMA, that receipt is exactly what this asks for — we’ve explained how the CPLP residence permit works and what sets it apart.

How does the online request work?

On the Segurança Social portal, you fill in the NISS request form for foreign citizens and attach your documents. The official route, with the up-to-date form and practical guide, is on the service page at gov.pt. Once submitted, you will receive a registered letter at the address you provided confirming the NISS has been assigned and can be collected at a social security service desk, presenting the ID document used in the request.

With the NISS in hand, the next step is activating Segurança Social Direta — the personal online area where you check contributions, declare activity and handle almost everything without queues.

Frequently asked questions

How much does the NISS cost?

Nothing. The request and assignment are free — be wary of websites charging to “handle” the process.

Can I work while waiting for my NISS?

Your employer needs your NISS to register you with social security before you start work, so make the request as soon as you have a contract or promise of contract in hand.

Are the NISS and NIF the same thing?

No. The NIF is the tax office number; the NISS is the social security number (contributions and benefits). You will need both — the NIF, in fact, is the first piece of paper every newcomer should sort out.

Does the NISS expire?

The number is for life. What can expire are the documents linked to it — keep your residence permit valid and your details updated in Segurança Social Direta.

The CPLP residence permit remains the most direct route for citizens of Portuguese-speaking countries to live legally in Portugal — but the 2026 rules are not what they were two years ago. The essential change: you now need a consular visa obtained in your home country before arriving; regularising your status after entering as a tourist is no longer possible.

Who can apply for the CPLP residence permit?

Citizens of the states in the CPLP Mobility Agreement signed in Luanda in 2021: Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Timor-Leste. The path now has two steps: first, a CPLP visa requested at the Portuguese consulate in your home country; then, once in Portugal, conversion into a residence permit with AIMA.

What changed with Law 9/2025?

Two things with real day-to-day impact. First, the format: the CPLP permit now follows the EU’s uniform temporary-residence model — a physical card valid for two years, renewable for successive three-year periods. Second, mobility: holders can now travel freely in the Schengen area, something the old paper title did not allow, complicating trips as simple as a layover in Madrid.

How much does it cost and what documents do you need?

Issuing the permit costs 15 euros — one of the cheapest titles in the system. Expect to need a valid passport, the CPLP visa, criminal record certificate, proof of accommodation and means of subsistence; the Mobility Agreement accepts, as an alternative to your own means, a declaration of responsibility signed by a host entity or by a qualified resident. The official document list is on the MNE visa portal and the service is described on gov.pt.

Does CPLP residence count towards citizenship?

It does — legal residence time under a CPLP title counts for nationality purposes, but mind the new calendar: the new nationality law raised the qualifying periods to 7 years (CPLP and EU) and 10 for everyone else. If you are still choosing your door into Portugal, compare it with the job seeker visa, open to any nationality.

Frequently asked questions

Can I apply for the CPLP permit if I entered as a tourist?

Not anymore: since the legal reform, granting requires a prior consular visa obtained for this purpose — tourist entry is no longer convertible.

Does the CPLP card allow travel in Europe?

Yes, the new uniform-model card gives free movement in the Schengen area while valid.

How long does it take?

It depends on the consulate and on AIMA; the consular step is today’s main bottleneck, so start the visa application months ahead.

To obtain Portuguese citizenship you must prove you speak Portuguese — and the CIPLE is the most common way to do it. The Initial Certificate of Portuguese as a Foreign Language corresponds to level A2 of the European framework, precisely the minimum the law requires as proof of language knowledge for citizenship purposes.

What is the CIPLE exam?

An official test run by CAPLE, the University of Lisbon’s assessment centre, with three components: reading comprehension and writing, listening comprehension, and speaking. The level required is A2 — basic everyday communication: introducing yourself, handling simple situations, writing short texts. It is not a literature test; it is the minimum bar for living daily life in Portuguese.

When are the CIPLE exams in 2026?

The calendar in Portugal has six Saturday sessions; for those still aiming for this year, the next dates are 19 September and 17 October. Registration happens exclusively on the official CAPLE site, each session with its own deadline — and one detail that catches many people: after submitting your registration, payment must be made within 24 hours or the spot expires.

How much does the CIPLE cost?

Between 75 and 95 euros depending on the exam centre: most centres charge around 85 euros, the University of Lisbon’s own centre charges 95, and some centres abroad run slightly different prices. There are centres across Portugal and in dozens of countries, so you can even sit the exam before moving.

Who is exempt from the exam?

Anyone who studied in Portuguese-language schooling or holds equivalent official certification — the cases are set out in the nationality law. Extra attention to the current context: the new nationality law tightened deadlines and requirements, so the language proof is ever less a detail and ever more a mandatory step. If you are assembling the full dossier, read our guide to recognising foreign diplomas in Portugal too.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need the CIPLE if I am from a Portuguese-speaking country?

Usually not, if your schooling was in Portuguese — but keep documentary proof of your school record.

Can I retake the exam if I fail?

Yes, in later sessions, paying a new registration fee; there is no limit on attempts.

Does the certificate expire?

The CIPLE does not lapse — once obtained, it remains valid for the citizenship process at any time.

If you earned your degree abroad and want it to count in Portugal, the path is called recognition of foreign degrees and diplomas — and it runs through one of three routes: automatic recognition, level recognition or specific recognition. All three carry exactly the same legal value; what changes is what they are for, how long they take and who processes them. Picking the right route first time saves months.

What is automatic recognition of foreign degrees?

It is the fast lane, available only for certain degrees from certain countries, officially listed. If your diploma is on the list — many bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the European Union, Brazil and other recognised systems — the process is almost a rubber stamp: the correspondence to the Portuguese degree is confirmed, with no curriculum evaluation. You can check whether your case qualifies using the simulator on the DGES portal before spending a cent.

What is the difference between level and specific recognition?

Level recognition assigns your diploma the level of a Portuguese degree (bachelor, master or doctorate) without comparing course by course — it works for public competitions, job applications and career progressions where proving the degree is enough. Specific recognition is the demanding route: a Portuguese higher education institution evaluates your study plan in detail and matches it to one of its own concrete programmes, and may require complementary exams. It is the usual path when you want to continue studying or when your profession requires a specific degree.

Where do you apply and how much does it cost?

Automatic and level recognition are requested online through the DGES recognition portal, or directly at a higher education institution; specific recognition is always requested at the chosen institution. Costs vary: the DGES fee is fixed, while university fees are set by each institution — specific recognition is typically the most expensive, because it involves full curriculum evaluation. Gather your diploma and transcript early, with certified translation when they are not in Portuguese, English, French or Spanish, plus the Hague apostille if your country of origin requires it. The official steps are described on the gov.pt portal.

What about regulated professions?

Mind the trap that catches half the world: to practise medicine, nursing, engineering, law, architecture and other regulated professions, academic recognition is not enough — you also need registration with the respective professional order, which runs its own processes and exams. The recognised diploma is the entry ticket, not the full pass.

Frequently asked questions

How long does degree recognition take?

Automatic recognition is normally settled in days or a few weeks; level and specific recognition depend on the institution and the time of year, ranging from weeks to several months. Avoid September, when academic services drown.

Do I need recognition to work in Portugal?

In the private sector, many employers do not require it — but public competitions, career progressions and regulated professions do. If you are coming to study in Portugal on a scholarship or on a student visa for postgraduate study, you will also need your previous degree recognised for the application.

Does recognition convert my grades?

Level and specific recognition can assign a final classification on the Portuguese scale; automatic recognition assigns it by correspondence rule. If your average matters for a competition, confirm the conversion before choosing your route.

The direct answer: IFICI — Portugal’s Tax Incentive for Scientific Research and Innovation — is the regime that replaced the Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) scheme, and it lets new residents pay a special 20% income tax rate on employment and self-employment income from eligible activities, for 10 years. It’s stricter than its predecessor, but for those who qualify it remains one of Europe’s most competitive regimes.

Who qualifies for IFICI in 2026?

Three baseline conditions. First, you must not have been a tax resident in Portugal in the five years before moving. Second, you need a higher-education qualification — at least level 6 of the European Qualifications Framework (a bachelor’s degree), or a doctorate depending on the entry route. Third, you must work in an eligible activity: scientific research, information technology, health, renewable energy, qualified tourism, defence and aeronautics, certified startups, and other roles tied to innovation and the internationalisation of the Portuguese economy. The full list of activities and entities is on the Portuguese Tax Authority’s portal.

What is the deadline to apply for IFICI?

This is the trap most people fall into: the registration must be submitted by January 15 of the year after the one in which you became a Portuguese resident. If you moved in 2026, you have until January 15, 2027. Missing the deadline can cost you the regime — don’t leave it for the January sales.

What happens to people who already had NHR status?

Nothing changes: anyone who obtained NHR before the regime closed keeps its conditions until their 10 years run out. IFICI only applies to newcomers. And it’s worth spelling out what IFICI is not: it doesn’t cover foreign pensions the way old NHR did, and income outside the eligible activities is taxed at normal Portuguese rates.

If you’re planning the move, the tax regime is just one piece of the puzzle — visas are another, and our guide to Portugal’s visas helps you pick the right door in. Keep in mind, too, that Portugal’s nationality rules changed in 2026, with longer residence periods before citizenship.

Quick questions

How long does IFICI last? Ten years from your first year as a resident, non-renewable.

Does IFICI cover pensions? No. The 20% rate applies to work income from eligible activities; foreign pensions follow the general rules.

Do I need a contract before registering? You need to carry out (or start carrying out) an eligible activity at a qualifying entity — when in doubt, validate eligibility before the move, ideally with professional advice.

If your Portuguese residence permit expires in July or August 2026, you can already start the renewal: AIMA has opened its portal for these dates and the request is made online, at portal-renovacoes.aima.gov.pt. The short answer is: do not wait for the last day, and gather your documents now, because automatic extensions are over.

Where do you apply for renewal?

The request is made on AIMA’s renewals portal (portal-renovacoes.aima.gov.pt), with login. That is where you start the process and book whatever is needed — the agency now manages appointments based on available capacity, through an online platform.

What do you need to prepare?

Beyond the residence document that is expiring, expect to provide proof of address — which in 2026 became stricter: you may be asked for the property’s permanent land registry certificate and proof of the latest rent receipt reported to the tax authority, on top of the tenancy contract. Having this ready before you open the request saves back-and-forth.

And the automatic extensions?

They are gone. Tacit approval — the automatic granting of delayed requests — has been scrapped, and so have the extensions that once gave breathing room to people still waiting. In practice, anyone who does not renew in time risks falling into an irregular situation, so the deadline matters more than before.

See also what changed for family reunification and the job seeker visa. Official information and the renewals portal are on the AIMA website.

The passport stamp is dead. Since 10 April 2026, the European Union’s Entry/Exit System — EES — has been fully operational across 29 European countries, Portugal included, replacing the old ink stamp with a digital record backed by a facial image and fingerprints. If you have family or friends outside the EU who visit you, or you are a resident holding a third-country passport, this affects you directly.

What is the EES and who does it apply to?

The EES is an automated IT system that registers the entries and exits of non-EU nationals travelling for short stays — up to 90 days in any 180-day period — across the European area. At the first border crossing, the traveller provides a facial image, fingerprints and travel-document data; on subsequent crossings, checks are mostly biometric and quicker. Note the key carve-out: holders of an EU residence permit are outside the system’s scope for that status — the EES covers short stays, not residents.

The goal is twofold: speed up borders over time, and automatically catch those who exceed their allowed stay, the so-called overstayers. The launch numbers show the machine at work: more than 52 million entries and exits registered, over 27,000 refusals of entry, and around 700 people flagged as security risks.

What changes for people visiting Portugal?

In practice, the first trip after the EES takes a little longer at passport control — the biometric enrolment takes minutes, and during summer peaks that shows in the airport queues. On subsequent trips, the process tends to be faster than the stamp ever was. The record is valid for three years (refreshed with each crossing), so the inconvenience is mostly a first-time affair. If you are expecting visitors from the US, Brazil or the UK, tell them to build in extra buffer time on their first arrival.

And the EES is only half of Europe’s border revolution: the other half is called ETIAS, the electronic travel authorisation that visa-exempt visitors will need to request before boarding — we explained how ETIAS will work and what it costs when the EU confirmed the timeline.

EES frequently asked questions

Does the EES apply to holders of a Portuguese residence permit?

No — residence-permit and long-stay-visa holders are outside the system’s scope for that residence; the EES covers short stays by third-country nationals.

Is a passport stamp still needed in any case?

No: since 10 April 2026, manual stamping has ended at all external border crossings of the countries using the system.

What happens if you overstay the 90 days?

The system detects the overstay automatically and attaches it to your document — with consequences for future entries into the European area. The full official rules are on the European Commission’s portal.

The short answer: Portugal’s old job seeker visa, as it existed, is no longer available — it was suspended on 23 October 2025, when Law 61/2025 came into force, and Portuguese consulates stopped accepting applications under that category. In its place, a job seeker visa reserved for qualified professionals is being created — and at the time of writing it still awaits full regulation.

What happened to Portugal’s job seeker visa?

For three years this visa was one of the most-used doors into the country: it let you enter legally and look for a job while already in Portugal. The 2025 revision of the foreigners’ law closed that general-purpose door. Lawmakers judged that the open model was straining both services and the labour market, and restricted the visa to people who bring qualifications — in line with the rest of the migration package, which also tightened the student visa rules.

Who can apply for the new qualified version?

According to the documentation on the Foreign Ministry’s visa portal, the new category targets qualified job seeking: professionals with training, credentials or recognised experience in areas Portugal lacks. The intended design keeps the old logic — an initial 120-day validity, extendable by 60 more, with the obligation to sign a contract within that window — but the fine print (the professions list, the proof of qualifications required, the opening date) has not all been published. Before making plans, check the current state on the official qualified job seeker visa documentation page.

What are the alternatives in 2026?

If you already hold a job offer you do not need this visa: the route is the classic work visa (D1), requested at the consulate with a contract or promise of contract in hand. Students can work within the limits of their student status. And whichever route you take, be ready to prove funds — the minimum means-of-subsistence amounts required in 2026 are explained here.

Frequently asked questions

Can I come as a tourist and look for work?

You can look, but you cannot sign a contract or regularise your stay off the back of a tourist entry — the manifestação de interesse route is gone; you need the proper visa issued at a consulate.

Is my previously issued job seeker visa still valid?

Yes: visas issued before the suspension keep their validity and their original conditions, including the extension they came with.

When does the new qualified visa open?

There is no official date. Regulation is pending; watch the MNE portal and AIMA’s site — we will keep updating as news lands.

The short answer: in 2026 the reference figure is 920 euros a month — Portugal’s national minimum wage, set by Decree-Law 139/2025. That’s the number consulates use to calculate “means of subsistence”, the mandatory requirement for any long-stay Portuguese visa. Applicants must prove they can live in Portugal on their own money — or that they’ll be in a position to earn it after arriving.

How much income do you need for a Portugal visa in 2026?

The base rule is a percentage of the minimum wage (920 euros) for each household member: the first adult counts at 100%, meaning the full 920 euros; the second and subsequent adults count at 50% (460 euros each); and children under 18, plus dependent adult children, count at 30% (276 euros each). A couple with two young children, for example, needs to show around 1,932 euros a month. Salaries, employment contracts or contract offers, study grants, subsidies and service contracts all count towards the proof. The full criteria are published on the MNE visa portal.

For how long must you guarantee that amount?

It depends on the visa. For residence with professional activity, the means must cover the maximum admissible period; for investors, at least 12 months. Retirees prove their pension income and the guarantee of receiving it in Portugal; people living off assets (property, financial investments, intellectual property) present proof of the existence, amount and availability of those funds in the country. AIMA applies the same criteria when assessing residence permits inside Portugal.

Do students need to show less money?

Yes, and the difference is significant. Students must guarantee 12 months of subsistence (or the length of their exchange), but the amount can drop by half if they prove accommodation is already secured — and by up to 90% if meals are covered too, for instance in a university residence with catering. The same logic applies to professional internships and volunteering. That’s real breathing room, especially now that student visa rules have tightened for applications from September.

Is this enough if your end goal is citizenship?

Don’t mix up the stages: means of subsistence open the door to the visa and residency, but citizenship is a separate marathon with its own clocks, which changed under the new nationality law. First the visa, then residency renewed without drama — and only then does the passport countdown begin.

Quick questions

Does the money need to be in a Portuguese bank? Not mandatory for the visa, but it helps: consular practice values funds available in Portugal, and for residence without professional activity it’s recommended to have roughly 12 months of subsistence deposited, preferably in a national bank.

Will the minimum wage go up? Historically it rises every year — which means the visa reference amounts rise with it. Always confirm the value in force before submitting.

Can a couple combine income? Yes, means are assessed per household; what matters is that the total covers every member’s percentage.

The short answer: from September 2026, anyone who wants to study in Portugal must apply for their student visa at the Portuguese consulate in their home country, before travelling. The old route — arriving as a tourist, enrolling in a course and sorting out residency from inside Portugal — is closed.

What changes with Portugal’s student visa?

The change, approved by parliament as part of the broader tightening of immigration law, ends in-country status conversion. Until now, thousands of students — above all Brazilians, Portugal’s largest foreign community — would land as tourists and use an enrolment letter to apply for residency without leaving the country. Under the new rules, the residence visa for study must be issued upfront by the consulate covering the applicant’s place of residence.

When do the new rules take effect?

In September 2026, timed to the start of the 2026/2027 academic year. Arrive without the right visa and you risk being turned away at the border — and you can no longer regularise your situation afterwards without first leaving the country. If you’re planning to study in Portugal in 2027, your timeline now starts months before the flight.

How do you apply for a student visa now?

You apply at the Portuguese consulate (or authorised application centre) in your home country, with proof of enrolment or acceptance at an educational institution, means of subsistence, accommodation and insurance. In Brazil, since April 17, 2026, applications can no longer be posted: you must appear in person at VFS Global centres or at the consulates. The official requirements are on the MNE visa portal and on gov.pt.

The practical advice is simple: start the visa process months ahead and don’t book flights until the visa is in your passport. See also: our full guide to visas for moving to Portugal and, for EU citizens, how to get the CRUE certificate.